Corpus Luteum Cysts

After an egg has been released from a follicle, the follicle becomes a corpus luteum, if no pregnancy occurs, it normally breaks down and disappears. Unfortunately, in some women, a corpus luteum may persist on the ovary filled with fluid or blood. Corpus luteum cyst may rupture about the time of menstruation and take a few months to disappear. In general, the cysts don't interfere or affect woman chance to conceive and the incidence rarely happens to menopause as age no longer produced.

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Diagnosis and tests
Endo-vaginal ultrasound is one of the most used to document the Corpus Luteum Cysts, following up with monitoring. If you doctor suspects that you may have develop Corpus Luteum Cysts, he or she may order an Ultrasound to exam your pelvic organs. Corpus Luteum Cysts can be diagnosed based on the images from the ultrasound.

Symptoms
1. Some women with corpus luteum cysts are experience no symptom at all.
2. Rarely but it can enlarge itself to 10 cm in diameter
3. Bleeding about the time of menstruation
4. Pelvic cramps and pain due to bleeding inside the cyst
5. ovarian torsion develops
As a result of the bleeding corpus luteum cyst twisting against the ovarian lining.
6. Internal bleeding
As a result of bleeding of the cyst filled with blood.
7. Nausea
Twitting against the ovarian lining can result of limiting the blood supply to the ovaries, causing nausea.
8. Etc.

Causes and risk factors
1. Medication used to induce ovulation can cause the development of Corpus Luteum Cysts, such as Chomid
2. May be caused by after the egg is released, the escape hatch seals off prematurely and tissue accumulates inside.
3. As a result of the use of oral contraceptive progesterone only pill.
4. Personal history
Women who have previous history of corpus luteum cysts are at risk to develop them again and again.
5. Family history
Increased risk to women with family history of direct family member has had the disease.
6. Irregular menstrual cycle
Increased risk to women with history of irregular menstrual cycle.
7. Propocous puberty
Women who had her first period before the age of 11 are at higher risk to develop corpus luteum cyst in their reproductive years.
8. Etc.

Treatments
If the cyst has growth large or the bleeding has cause severe abdominal cramps and pain and interfere with normal function of the ovaries, surgery may be the best option
A. Cystectomy
1. If the Corpus Luteum Cyst is small in size, but has caused severe pain and may damage the ovary or interfere with its function, cystectomy with a laparoscopic, may be a good choice as it is an effectively surgical treatment.
2. Risks and side effects
Surgical and anesthetic risks

B. Oophorectomy
Sometime, due to the large size or the copus luteum cyst has damage the ovary, oophorectomy may be necessary.
1. Also known as ovariotomy, oophorectomy is a medical procedure to have one ovary removed, if the size has growth too large and cause intensive pain or has become cancerous. After oophorectomy, the woman will continue to have menstrual cycle and can become pregnant and follow up management may be necessary.
2. Unilateral oophorectomy is performed in the hospital with general anesthesia, In the surgery, a laparoscopic, thin tube containing a tiny lens and light that inserts through a small incision in the navel with a camera on the other end to allow your doctor to see the abdominal cavity on a video monitor. After the ovary is detached, it is removed though a small incision at the top of the vagina.
a. Vertical incisions
Vertical incisions give the doctor better view of of the abdominal cavity but it will leave some notable scar.
b. Horizontal incision
If the ovary is removed by horizontal incisions it will leave a less notable scar.
c. Risk and side effects
Surgical and anesthetic risks

C. Oral contraceptive pill
1. If there is no symptom and bleeding but to prevent the cyst to grow larger as it does disappear in a few months.
a. Creating a continual pregnancy like state, resulting in relieving menstrual pain
b. Inhibiting the over production of prostaglandins which cause the muscles spam contraction.
c. Stopping or reducing of period blood flow.
g. Shrinking the follicular cysts
e. Etc.

2. Risks and side effects
a. Growth of fibroids
Growth of fibroid is caused high level of estrogen and progesterone. The intake of the pill increase the level of both hormones resulting in increase the risk of growth of fibroid.
b. Recurrent of menstrual symptoms
Some women stop taking the pill may see all the menstrual symptoms coming back.
c. Blood clots
Estrogen in the pill may cause blood clots in the small vessels in the leg and the lung.
d. Stroke and heart diseases
Study shows that women who have higher natural estrogen levels may have a higher risk of stroke and heart diseases.
e. Depression and mood swing
At the beginning, it may cause abnormal fluctuations in estrogen and progesterone elevate both physical and psychological stress, eventually resulting in both depression and mood swing
f. Bleeding and spotting
Bleeding and spotting is normal for the first six months for women who begin with any oral contraceptive combination pill treatment.
g. Lost of sexual desire
Some women may experience lower sexual desire
h. Etc.

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